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指鹿为马zhǐ lù wéi mǎdeliberate misrepresentation

Not on the HSK 3.0 syllabusidiom

By Chinese Copilot · Last updated

指鹿为马 (zhǐ lù wéi mǎ) means deliberate misrepresentation. Literally it means “making a deer out to be a horse.” Speakers use it when someone knowingly calls something by the wrong name or twists the facts, often to test others or force them to go along with an obvious lie.

What does 指鹿为马 mean?

  1. 1.

    deliberate misrepresentationidiom

Figurative meaning
Deliberate misrepresentation.
Literal meaning
Making a deer out to be a horse.

What do the characters in 指鹿为马 mean?

  • 指to point at or to
  • 鹿deer
  • 为to take sth as
  • 马horse

Where does 指鹿为马 come from?

八月己亥,趙高欲為亂,恐群臣不聽,乃先設驗,持鹿獻於二世,曰:「馬也。」

— 《史記·秦始皇本紀》 (Records of the Grand Historian, Basic Annals of Qin Shi Huang)

The story

Zhao Gao wanted to seize power but feared the officials would not obey him, so he first set up a test: he presented a deer to the Second Emperor and said, “It is a horse.”

How do you use 指鹿为马?

指鹿为马 is used in criticism and can describe someone who knowingly twists the facts.

What are some examples of 指鹿为马 in a sentence?

  1. 这是他的错误,他却指鹿为马,说是别人做的。

    Zhè shì tā de cuòwù, tā què zhǐ lù wéi mǎ, shuō shì biérén zuò de.

    This was his mistake, but he deliberately twisted the facts and said someone else did it.

  2. 大家都看见了事实,他还在指鹿为马。

    Dàjiā dōu kànjiàn le shìshí, tā hái zài zhǐ lù wéi mǎ.

    Everyone saw the facts, yet he is still deliberately misrepresenting them.

How is 指鹿为马 used in a conversation?

  1. Speaker A:

    杯子是你打破的吧?

    Bēizi shì nǐ dǎpò de ba?

    You broke the cup, didn't you?

  2. Speaker B:

    不是我,是猫。

    Bú shì wǒ, shì māo.

    It wasn't me, it was the cat.

  3. Speaker A:

    我们家没有猫啊!

    Wǒmen jiā méiyǒu māo a!

    We don't have a cat!

  4. Speaker B:

    好吧,我不该指鹿为马。

    Hǎo ba, wǒ bù gāi zhǐ lù wéi mǎ.

    Okay, I shouldn't have twisted the facts.

Can you use 指鹿为马 correctly?

0 of 3 answered
  1. 1.What does 指鹿为马 mean?
  2. 2.Which sentence uses 指鹿为马 correctly?
  3. 3.Which word fits best? 事实很清楚,你别再____了。 (The facts are clear; stop deliberately misrepresenting them.)

What should you learn next?

English glosses on this page are adapted from CC-CEDICT, published by MDBG (snapshot 2026-10-23), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Glosses were edited for learners.